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Russian pronunciation is characterized by several distinctive features. Consonant sounds often include palatalization (softening), where consonants like "т" become "ть" ([tʲ]), changing word meaning. Vowel reduction is crucial: unstressed "o" sounds like "a" ([ɐ] or [ə]), and "e" becomes "i" ([ɪ]).
Stress placement is unpredictable and alters vowel quality—e.g., "молоко́" (milk) has stress shifting across syllables. Voiced consonants (б, в, г) devoice at word endings ("друг" sounds like [druk]), while voiceless ones (п, т, к) may voice before voiced consonants.
Challenging clusters appear, such as "взгляд" ([vzglʲat], "glance") and "счастье" ([ˈɕːæsʲtʲjə], "happiness"). The rolling "р" ([r]) and absence of vowel length distinctions also define its rhythm.
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